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Conference Paper

Terahertz Remote Respiration Rate Monitoring

Authors: Svenja Nicola Kobel, Yamen Zantah, Andreas Prokscha, Christian Wiede, Gerd vom Bögel, Thomas Kaiser, Karsten Seidl
Conference: 2025 International Conference on Mobile and Miniaturized Terahertz Systems (ICM²TS)
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2025
Conference Paper

Design and RF Characterization of Manufacturable Flip-Chip Transition Targeting D-Band

Authors: C. Preuss E. Mikov N. Weimann
Conference: 2025 International Conference on Mobile and Miniaturized Terahertz Systems (ICM²TS)
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2025
Conference Paper

Plant Water Content Monitoring Using Miniaturized THz RTD Oscillators and Detectors

Authors: P. Alibeigloo C. Preuss E. Mutlu F. Sheikh Y. Zantah A. Prokscha J. Watermann J. Abts R. Kress S. Clochiatti T. Kaiser N. Weimann
Conference: 2025 International Conference on Mobile and Miniaturized Terahertz Systems (ICM²TS)
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2025
Conference Paper

Bias-Dependent Spectrum Analysis of Highly Nonlinear Resonant Tunneling Diode Oscillators

Authors: Mutlu, Enes, Jonas Watermann, Jonathan Abts, Özgül Tek, Christian Preuss, Robin Kress, Benedikt Sievert, Daniel Erni, Andreas Rennings, Nils Weimann
Conference: 2024 15th German Microwave Conference (GeMiC)
Location: Duisburg, Germany
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2024
Pages: 37–40
DOI: 10.23919/GeMiC59120.2024.10485321
Open Access: Ja
Conference Paper

Robotic Antenna Characterization System Based on Wideband FMCW Transceiver Modules

Authors: K. Dausien, M. Kleinschmidt, I. Rolfes, N. Pohl and J. Barowski; RUB
Conference: 2024 18th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP)
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2024
Pages: 1-5
DOI: 10.23919/EuCAP60739.2024.10501074
Journal Article

GHz repetition rate, sub-100-fs Ho:CALGO laser at 2.1 µm with watt-level average power

Authors: W. Yao M. Khalili Y. Wang M. Hoffmann, M. Van Delden T. Musch and C. J. Saraceno
Journal: Journal Article - Opt. Lett.
Volume: vol. 49, no. 6
Year: 2024
Pages: p. 1591
DOI: 10.1364/OL.507459
Open Access: Ja
Conference Paper

Battery Powered Compact and Lightweight RTD THz Oscillator Module

Authors: C. Preuss E. Mutlu B. Daedler J. Abts J. Watermann N. Weimann
Conference: 2024 15th German Microwave Conference (GeMiC)
Location: Duisburg, Germany
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2024
Pages: 89-92
DOI: 10.23919/GeMiC59120.2024.10485336
Open Access: Nein
Conference Paper

Terahertz Insights Into Fabric Look- Through

Authors: A. Prokscha F. Sheikh K. Kolpatzeck Y. Zantah D. Lessy J. C. Balzer A. Czylwik and T. Kaiser
Conference: 2024 15th German Microwave Conference (GeMiC)
Location: Duisburg, Germany
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2024
Pages: 241-244
DOI: 10.23919/GeMiC59120.2024.10485292
Open Access: Ja
Conference Paper

The Occurrence of Parasitic Radiation in Transmission-Reflection Material Characterization using a Sandwich Antenna-Sample-Antenna Setup

Authors: Degen, Marvin, Jan Taro Svejda, Mandana Jalali, Andreas Rennings, und Daniel Erni
Conference: 2024 15th German Microwave Conference (GeMiC)
Location: Duisburg, Germany
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2024
Pages: 117-20
DOI: 10.23919/GeMiC59120.2024.10485334
Open Access: Ja
Conference Paper

Investigating a Possible Shielding Behavior of the European Honey Bee’s Cuticle at THz Frequencies

Authors: Jalali, Mandana, Jan Taro Svejda, Benedikt Sievert, und Daniel Erni
Conference: 2024 15th German Microwave Conference (GeMiC)
Location: Duisburg, Germany
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2024
Pages: 276–79
DOI: 10.23919/GeMiC59120.2024.10485319
Open Access: Ja
Conference Paper

Gender-Specific Electromagnetic Power Absorption in Human Skin Tissue at 5G/6G Frequencies

Authors: Doğusan, Sinan, Mandana Jalali, Jan Taro Svejda, und Daniel Erni
Conference: 2024 15th German Microwave Conference (GeMiC)
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2024
Pages: 133–36
DOI: 10.23919/GeMiC59120.2024.10485301
Open Access: Ja
Keywords: Time-frequency analysis;Absorption;Simulation;Scalp;Sociology;Breast;Skin;5G/6G;Absorbed power;Gender specificity;Penetration depths;Skin depth
Conference Paper

Investigation of Mutual Injection Locking on Resonant-Tunneling-Diode Oscillators

Authors: R. Kress E. Mutlu B. Song A. Possberg S. Clochiatti N. Weimann
Conference: 2024 15th German Microwave Conference (GeMiC)
Location: Duisburg, Germany
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2024
Pages: 41-44
DOI: 10.23919/GeMiC59120.2024.10485313
Open Access: Nein
Journal Article

Highly Selective Tilted Triangular Springs with Constant Force Reaction

Authors: L. Schmitt P. Schmitt M. Hoffmann
Journal: Sensors
Volume: Bd. 24, Nr. 5
Year: 2024
Pages: 1677
DOI: 10.3390/s24051677
Open Access: Ja
Journal Article

An 8 × 8 MIMO Radar System Utilizing Cascadable Transceiver MMICs With On-Chip Antennas at 240 GHz

Authors: J. Bott, M. A. Yildirim, B. Sievert, F. Vogelsang, T. Welling, P. Konze, RUB D. Erni, A. Rennings, UDE, N. Pohl; RUB
Journal: IEEE Transactions on Radar Systems
Volume: vol. 2
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2024
Pages: 805-820
DOI: 10.1109/TRS.2024.3453708
Open Access: Ja
Journal Article

Performance of Photoconductive Receivers at 1030 nm Excited by High Average Power THz Pulses

Authors: T. Vogel, RUB S. Mansourzadeh, RUB U. Nandi, J. Norman, S. Preu, C. J. Saraceno, RUB
Journal: IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology
Volume: vol. 14, no. 2
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2024
Pages: 139-151
DOI: 10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3358616
Open Access: Ja
Conference Paper

Delta-Delay-Phase Precoding Based Wideband Near-Field Beamfocusing

Authors: A. Najjar, M. El-Absi, T. Kaiser
Conference: 2024 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)
Location: Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2024
Pages: 1-6
DOI: 10.1109/WCNC57260.2024.10571124
Open Access: Ja
Keywords: Beam steering;Fluctuations;Array signal processing;Precoding;Delay effects;Numerical simulation;Hardware
Journal Article

Multifaceted Free-Space Tissue Sensing up to 100 GHz

Authors: Andreas Prokscha, Aman Batra, Sabisan Santhakumaran, Julian Fabricius, Elsa Andrea Kirchner, Thomas Kaiser
Journal: IEEE Access
Volume: vol. 12
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2024
Pages: 107670- 107688
DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3439605
Open Access: Ja
Keywords: Skin;Muscles;Sensors;Robot sensing systems;Microwave antenna arrays;Exoskeletons;Wireless sensor networks;Free space measurements;muscle RCS;radar muscle sensing;skin link budget estimation;skin penetration losses
Conference Paper

Rectangular Waveguide to Coplanar Waveguide Transition for 110 to 170 GHz

Authors: K. Mueller C. Preuss R. Kress E. Mutlu N. Weimann
Conference: 2024 15th German Microwave Conference (GeMiC)
Location: Duisburg, Germany
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2024
Pages: 296-299
DOI: 10.23919/GeMiC59120.2024.10485243
Open Access: Nein
Conference Paper

Validating Properties of RIS Channel Models with Prototypical Measurements

Authors: K. Weinberger S. Tewes A. Sezgin
Conference: 2024 18th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP)
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2024
Pages: 1-5
DOI: 10.23919/EuCAP60739.2024.10501125
Open Access: Nein
Journal Article

Terahertz Communications and Sensing for 6G and Beyond: A Comprehensive Review

Authors: Wei Jiang, Qiuheng Zhou, Jiguang He, Mohammad Asif Habibi, Sergiy Melnyk, Mohammed El-Absi, Bin Han, Marco Di Renzo, Hans Dieter Schotten, Fa-Long Luo, Tarek S. El-Bawab, Markku Juntti, Mérouane Debbah, Victor C.M. Leung
Journal: IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2024
Pages: 1 - 1
DOI: 10.1109/COMST.2024.3385908
Open Access: Ja
Keywords: Terahertz communications;6G mobile communication;Surveys;Terahertz radiation;Millimeter wave communication;Bandwidth;Tutorials;6G;beamforming;imaging;integrated communications and sensing;positioning;THz communications
Conference Paper

On Conversion Gain in Active Tags for Harmonic Radar at mmWaves - Considerations and Limitations

Authors: Steffen Hansen, Christian Bredendiek, Nils Pohl
Conference: 2024 21st European Radar Conference (EuRAD)
Location: Paris, France
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2024
DOI: 10.23919/EuRAD61604.2024.10734867
Journal Article

Proving the Feasibility of D-Band Single SiGe MMIC Vector Network Analyzer Extension Modules With Large System Dynamic Range, in IEEE Journal of Microwaves

Authors: J. Romstadt, L. Dierkes, S. Hauptmeier, T. T. Braun,  H. Papurcu, J. Richter, P. Stadler, A. Zaben, K. Aufinger, J. Barowski, N. Pohl, RUB
Journal: IEEE Journal of Microwaves
Volume: vol. 4, no. 4
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2024
Pages: 706-720
DOI: 10.1109/JMW.2024.3444040.
Open Access: Ja
Keywords: Harmonic analysis;Mixers;Silicon germanium;Receivers;Couplers;Network analyzers;MMICs;Coupler;directivity;D-band;reflectometer;vector network analyzer;VNA;extension module;dynamic range;SiGe;MMIC
Conference Paper

Improving the Backprojection Algorithm with Ray Tracing

Authors: D. Rhiem, A. Froehly, P. Wallrath
Conference: 2024 21st European Radar Conference (EuRAD)
Location: Paris, France
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2024
Pages: pp. 244-247
DOI: 10.23919/EuRAD61604.2024.10734963
Open Access: Ja
Keywords: Geometry;Image resolution;Refractive index;Radar;Radar imaging;Ray tracing;Frequency response;Calibration;Topology;Image reconstruction;nondestructive testing;radar imaging;image reconstruction;material characterisation
Journal Article

Refractive Index Resolved Imaging Enabled by Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy Ellipsometry

Authors: P. Alibeigloo, T. Kubiczek, B. Aqlan, D. Damyanov, T. Schultze, N. Weimann, and J. C. Balzer.
Journal: Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves
Volume: Volume 45
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2024
Pages: 984–998
DOI: 10.1007/s10762-024-01013-9
Open Access: Ja
Conference Paper

Highly Flexible Dielectric Platform for Post-CMOS Photonics

Authors: Marcus Westhues, Thomas Geruschke, Julia Hauser, Roman Burkard, Aleksander Nesic, Anna Lena Schall-Giesecke
Conference: 2024 25th European Conference of Integrated Optics (ECIO 2024) Book Section
Location: Aachen, Germany
Volume: vol. 402
Publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland
Year: 2024
Pages: 585-592
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-63378-2_96
Open Access: Ja
Journal Article

Advanced Data Processing of THz-Time Domain Spectroscopy Data with Sinusoidally Moving Delay Lines

Authors: T. Vogel C. J. Saraceno
Journal: Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves
Volume: Volume 45
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2024
Pages: 967–983
DOI: 10.1007/s10762-024-01012-w
Open Access: Ja
Journal Article

Hetero-Integrated InP RTD-SiGe BiCMOS Source With Fundamental Injection Locking

Authors: E. Mutlu C. Preuss F. Vogelsang R. Kress J. Bott B. Sievert J. Watermann J. Abts A. Rennings D. Erni N. Pohl N. Weimann
Journal: IEEE Microwave and Wireless Technology Letters
Volume: vol. 34, no. 11
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2024
Pages: 1278-1281
DOI: 10.1109/LMWT.2024.3458196
Open Access: Ja
Keywords: Indium phosphide;Oscillators;III-V semiconductor materials;Injection-locked oscillators;Silicon germanium;Antennas;Terahertz radiation;BiCMOS integrated circuits;Flip-chip devices;Wireless communication;BiCMOS;flip-chip bonding;hetero-integration;indium phosphide (InP);injection locking;mm-Wave;mm-Wave integrated circuit;monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC);resonant tunneling diode (RTD);silicon-germanium (SiGe);THz
Conference Paper

A Practical Study of Rate-Splitting Multiple Access: Single vs. Multiple Common Messages

Authors: R.-J. Reifert Y. Karacora D. S. Viracacha Suarez D. S. Robayo Rico D. M. Aguilar Mosquera A. Sezgin
Conference: 2024 IEEE 25th International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC)
Location: Lucca, Italy
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2024
Pages: 596-600
DOI: 10.1109/SPAWC60668.2024.10694543
Open Access: Nein
Keywords: Wireless communication;Time division multiple access;Bit error rate;Radio transmitters;Prototypes;Receivers;Signal processing;Throughput;Reliability engineering;Software radio
Journal Article

Single-cycle, 643 mW average power terahertz source based on tilted pulse front in lithium niobate

Authors: Tim Vogel, Samira Mansourzadeh, Clara J. Saraceno
Journal: Optics Letter
Year: 2024
DOI: 10.1364/OL.532219
Conference Paper

Roadmap for the next generation of laser-based, high-power THz-Time Domain Spectrometer

Authors: T. Vogel, RUB Y. Wang, RUB M. Khalili, RUB S. Mansourzadeh, RUB C. J. Saraceno, RUB
Conference: 2024 24th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)
Location: Bari, Italy
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2024
DOI: 10.1109/ICTON62926.2024.10647552
Open Access: Nein
Journal Article

A 335–407-GHz SiGe-Based Subharmonic Mixer Using a Fully Integrated LO Generation

Authors: J. Bott, D. Starke, F. Vogelsang, J. Schöpfel, C. Bredendiek, K. Aufinger, N. Pohl, RUB
Journal: IEEE Microwave and Wireless Technology Letters
Volume: vol. 42, no. 6
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2024
Pages: 675-678
DOI: 10.1109/LMWT.2024.3389061
Keywords: Mixers;Gain measurement;Silicon germanium;Voltage-controlled oscillators;BiCMOS integrated circuits;Transceivers;Receivers;Wideband;Power amplifiers;Silicon germanium;B12HFC;BiCMOS;frequency doubler;frequency multiplier;frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW);Lange coupler;power amplifier (PA);radar;receiver;silicon–germanium (SiGe);subharmonic mixer (SHM);voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO);wideband
Journal Article

Microstructured large-area photoconductive terahertz emitters driven at high average power

Authors: M. Khalili T. Vogel Y. Wang S. Mansourzadeh A. Singh S. Winnnerl C. J. Saraceno
Journal: Optics Express
Volume: vol. 32, no. 13
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2024
Pages: 22955-22969
DOI: 10.1364/OE.522037
Open Access: Ja
Conference Paper

Intermittency Versus Path Loss in RIS-aided THz Communication: A Data Significance Approach

Authors: Y. Karacora A. Umra A. Sezgin
Conference: ICC 2024 - IEEE International Conference on Communications
Location: Denver, Colorado, USA
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2024
Pages: 3414-3419
DOI: 10.1109/ICC51166.2024.10622760
Open Access: Nein
Conference Paper

Flying Intelligent Surfaces: Joint Adjustment of Position and Configuration for UAV-Mounted RIS

Authors: K. Weinberger S. Tewes J. Müller R. Dyrska M. Mönnigmann A. Sezgin
Conference: 2023 IEEE 97th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2023-Spring)
Location: Florence, Italy
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2024
Pages: 1-5
DOI: 10.1109/VTC2023-Spring57618.2023.10200263
Open Access: Nein
Keywords: Vehicular and wireless technologies;Transmitters;Wireless networks;Switches;Gain measurement;Autonomous aerial vehicles;Real-time systems
Journal Article

Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Collector Spacer and Doping Profile on Triple‐Barrier Resonant Tunneling Diodes

Authors: E. Mutlu A. Grygoriev S. Clochiatti R. Kress C. Preuss A. Possberg W. Prost N. Weimann
Journal: physica status solidi (a)
Volume: vol. 221, no. 13
Publisher: Wiley Online Library
Year: 2023
Pages: 2300575
DOI: 10.1002/pssa.202300575
Open Access: Ja
Journal Article

High-power intracavity few-cycle THz pulse generation using thin lithium niobate

Authors: Y. Wang T. Vogel M. Khalili S. Mansourzadeh K. Hasse S. Suntsov D. Kip C. J. Saraceno
Journal: Optica
Volume: vol. 10, no. 12
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Pages: 1719-1722
DOI: 10.1364/OPTICA.504513
Open Access: Ja
Journal Article

An Efficient Analysis of Scattering From Randomly Distributed Obstacles Using an Accurate Recursive Aggregated Centered T-Matrix Algorithm

Authors: M. Degen, V. Jandieri, B. Sievert, J. T. Svejda, A. Rennings and D. Erni
Journal: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation
Volume:  vol. 71, no. 12
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2023
Pages: 9849-9862
DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2023.3316792
Open Access: Ja
Keywords: Finite element analysis;Electromagnetic scattering;Clustering algorithms;Permittivity;Permeability;Convergence;Computational efficiency;Electromagnetic analysis;scattering;transition matrix (T-matrix) method
Conference Paper

Scattering Analysis of Ensembles of Cylinders using a 2-Layer T-matrix Algorithm

Authors: Degen, Marvin, Vakhtang Jandieri, Andreas Rennings, und Daniel Erni
Conference: 2023 IEEE Conference on Antenna Measurements and Applications (CAMA)
Location: Genoa, Italy
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2023
Pages: 687–92
DOI: 10.1109/CAMA57522.2023.10352852
Open Access: Ja
Conference Paper

Radar Test Environment: Realization of a Folded Test Track Based on Overmoded Rectangular Waveguides

Authors: Funk, Manuel, Ilona Rolfes, und Christian Schulz
Conference: 2023 International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Energy Technologies (ICECET)
Location: Cape Town, South Africa
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2023
Pages: 1-4
DOI: 10.1109/ICECET58911.2023.10389581
Open Access: Ja
Journal Article

Towards Intense Ultra-Broadband High Repetition Rate Terahertz Sources Based on Organic Crystals [Invited]

Authors: Mansourzadeh, Samira, Tim Vogel, Alan Omar, Tobias O. Buchmann, Edmund J. R. Kelleher, Peter U. Jepsen, und Clara J. Saraceno.
Journal: Optical Materials Express
Volume: Vol. 13, no. 11
Year: 2023
Pages: 3287
DOI: 10.1364/OME.502209
Open Access: Ja
Journal Article

Coaxial Cable Based Magnetic and Electric Near-Field Probes to Measure On-Chip Components up to 330 GHz

Authors: B. Sievert, UDE J. Wittemeier J. T. Svejda N. Pohl, RUB D. Erni, UDE A. Rennings, UDE
Journal: IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters
Volume: vol 22, no. 10
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2023
Pages: 2472 - 2476
DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2023.3291571
Open Access: Ja
Conference Paper

A 377–416 GHz Push-Push Frequency Doubler with Driving Stage and Transformer-Based Mode Separation in SiGe BiCMOS

Authors: Romstadt, Justin, Tobias Welling, Florian Vogelsang, Muhammed Ali Yildirim, Klaus Aufinger, und Nils Pohl
Conference: 2023 IEEE BiCMOS and Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuits and Technology Symposium (BCICTS)
Location: Monterey, CA, USA
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2023
Pages: 233 - 36
DOI: 10.1109/BCICTS54660.2023.10311042
Open Access: Ja
Conference Paper

A High Linearity SiGe D-Band Diode Ring Mixer

Authors: Krylova, Olga, Jan Schopfel, Klaus Aufinger, Nils Pohl.
Conference: 2023 IEEE BiCMOS and Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuits and Technology Symposium (BCICTS)
Location: Monterey, CA, USA
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2023
Pages: 98 - 101
DOI: 10.1109/BCICTS54660.2023.10310845.
Open Access: Ja
Conference Paper

InP RTD Detector for THz Application

Authors: S. Clochiatti R. Kress E. Mutlu F. Vogelsang M. v. Delden N. Pohl W. Prost N. Weimann
Conference: 2023 18th European Microwave Integrated Circuits Conference (EuMIC)
Location: Berlin, Germany, 2023
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2023
DOI: 10.23919/EuMIC58042.2023.10288943
Open Access: Nein
Conference Paper

New Opportunities Open by Advances in Table-Top, High-Power, and Broadband Terahertz Sources

Authors: S. Mansourzadeh, RUB T. Vogel, RUB C. Millon, RUB M. Khalili, RUB R. Löscher, RUB C. J. Saraceno, RUB
Conference: 2023 23rd International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)
Location: Bucharest, Romania
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2023
DOI: 10.1109/ICTON59386.2023.10207218
Open Access: Nein
Conference Paper

Large-Signal Device Model Verification for Resonant Tunneling Diode Oscillator

Authors: E. Mutlu, S. Clochiatti, B. Sievert, R. Kress, A. Possberg, M. Zhang, C. Preuss, A. Zhang, W. Prost, D. Erni, and N. Weimann
Conference: 2023 Sixth International Workshop on Mobile Terahertz Systems (IWMTS)
Location: Bonn, Germany
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2023
Pages: 1 - 5
DOI: 10.1109/IWMTS58186.2023.10207854
Open Access: Ja
Conference Paper

Lithium Niobate Based Single-Cycle THz Source with 643 mW of Average Power

Authors: T. Vogel, RUB C. J. Saraceno, RUB
Conference: 2023 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2023
DOI: 10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232469
Open Access: Nein
Keywords: Water, Spectroscopy, Power lasers, Imaging, Bandwidth, Optical fiber networks, Broadband communication, high-power THz sources, broadband THz radiation, THz imaging, THz spectroscopy
Journal Article

Design and Characterization of Terahertz CORPS Beam Forming Networks

Authors: Biurrun-Quel, C., Haddad, T., Sievert, B. et al.
Journal: Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves
Volume: vol. 44, no. 5-6
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2023
Pages: 430–457
DOI: 10.1007/s10762-023-00916-3
Open Access: Ja
Journal Article

Terahertz CORPS-BFN: Coherently radiating periodic structures beamforming networks

Authors: C. Biurrun-Quel, T. Haddad, B. Sievert, R. Kress, A. Rennings, N. Weimann, D. Erni, A. Stoehr, J. Teniente Vallinas, and C. Del Río
Journal: Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves
Volume: vol. 44, no. 5-6
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2023
Pages: 430 - 457
DOI: 10.1007/s10762-023-00916-3
Open Access: Ja
Conference Paper

Lithium Niobate Based Single-Cycle THz Source with 643 mW of Average Power

Authors: T. Vogel, RUB C. J. Saraceno, RUB
Conference: 2023 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2023
DOI: 10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232469
Open Access: Nein
Conference Paper

THz Characterization and Generation of Temperature-Controlled Organic Crystal BNA

Authors: S. Mansourzadeh, RUB T. Vogel, RUB M. Shalaby, C. J. Saraceno, RUB
Conference: 2023 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2023
DOI: 10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10232138
Open Access: Nein
Conference Paper

High-Power Ultrafast Moves into the Terahertz Domain

Authors: S. Mansourzadeh, RUB T. Vogel, RUB C. Millon, RUB M. Khalili, RUB C. J. Saraceno, RUB
Conference: 2023 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2023
DOI: 10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC57999.2023.10231422
Open Access: Nein
Conference Paper

643 mW Average Power Lithium Niobate THz Source

Authors: T. Vogel, RUB C. J. Saraceno, RUB
Conference: Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) 2023
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Pages: paper SF3I.1
DOI: 10.1364/cleo_si.2023.sf3i.1
Open Access: Nein
Journal Article

Multifaceted Free-Space Tissue Sensing up to 100 GHz

Authors: Batra, Aman, Andreas Prokscha, Sabisan Santhakumaran, Julian Fabricius, Elsa Andrea Kirchner, und Thomas Kaiser.
Journal: IEEE Access
Volume: vol. 12
Year: 2023
Pages: 107670-107688,
DOI: 10.36227/techrxiv.23199794.v1
Open Access: Ja
Keywords: Skin;Muscles;Sensors;Robot sensing systems;Microwave antenna arrays;Exoskeletons;Wireless sensor networks;Free space measurements;muscle RCS;radar muscle sensing;skin link budget estimation;skin penetration losses
Conference Paper

Joint Iterative Delay-Phase Precoding for THz UM-MIMO with Finite-Resolution and Limited-Range True Time Delay

Authors: A. Najjar M. El-Absi and T. Kaiser
Conference: ICC 2023 - IEEE International Conference on Communications
Location: Rome, Italy
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2023
Pages: 4311–4316
DOI: 10.1109/ICC45041.2023.10279399
Open Access: Ja
Keywords: Power demand;Precoding;Delay effects;Simulation;Minimization;Iterative algorithms;Hardware
Conference Paper

A D-Band Vector Network Analyzer Extension Module Based on a SiGe Reflectometer MMIC

Authors: Romstadt, Justin, Stephan Hauptmeier, Tobias T. Braun, Ahmad Zaben, Marvin Krüner, Klaus Aufinger, Jan Barowski, und Nils Pohl
Conference: 2023 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium - IMS 2023
Location: San Diego, CA, USA
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2023
Pages: 927–30
DOI: 10.1109/IMS37964.2023.10188062
Open Access: Ja
Keywords: Temperature measurement;Temperature distribution;System dynamics;Network analyzers;Power system stability;Stability analysis;Reproducibility of results;Coupler;directivity;D-Band;reflectometer;vector network analyzer;VNA;extension module;dynamic range;DR;bondwire;SiGe;MMIC
Journal Article

THz measurements, antennas, and simulations: From the past to the future

Authors: F. Sheikh, A. Prokscha, J. M. Eckhardt, T. Doeker, N. A. Abbasi, J. Gomez-Ponce, B. Sievert, J. T. Svejda, A. Rennings, J. Barowski, C. Schulz, I. Rolfes, D. Erni, A. F. Molisch, T. Kuerner, and T. Kaiser
Journal: IEEE Journal of Microwaves
Volume: vol. 3, no. 1
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2023
Pages: 289 - 304
DOI: 10.1109/JMW.2022.3216210
Open Access: Ja
Keywords: Antenna measurements;Frequency measurement;Antennas;Dispersion;Wireless communication;Device-to-device communication;Delays;Channel modeling;history;MTT 70th Anniversary Special Issue;on-chip antennas;ray-tracing;THz communications;THz measurements and simulations
Conference Paper

Tomographic Reconstruction of the Index of Refraction Using Radar at 15 GHz

Authors: D. Rhiem, A. Froehly, P. Wallrath
Conference: 2023 17th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP)
Location: Florence, Italy
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2023
Pages: pp. 1 - 5
DOI: 10.23919/EuCAP57121.2023.10133257
Open Access: Ja
Keywords: Diffraction;Refractive index;Europe;Radar;Radar imaging;Tomography;Radar antennas;radar tomography;nondestructive testing;microwave imaging
Journal Article

A Fully Polarimetric Radar System for Non-Destructive Testing of Fiber Glass Layers

Authors: B. Walther, A. Froehly, R. Herschel, M. van Delden, P. Wallrath, T. Musch
Journal: IEEE Transactions on Radar Systems
Volume: vol. 1
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2023
Pages: 264-278
DOI: 10.1109/TRS.2023.3296204
Open Access: Ja
Conference Paper

3D Hybrid Delay-Phase Precoding under True Time Delay Constraints

Authors: A. Najjar M. El-Absi T. Kaiser
Conference: 2023 Sixth International Workshop on Mobile Terahertz Systems (IWMTS)
Location: Bonn, Germany
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2023
Pages: 1-5
DOI: 10.1109/IWMTS58186.2023.10207860
Open Access: Ja
Keywords: Three-dimensional displays;Array signal processing;Spectral efficiency;Precoding;Delay effects;Simulation;Planar arrays;THz;UM-MIMO;wideband;3D hybrid beamforming;true time delay (TTD);finite-resolution;uniform planar array (UPA)
Journal Article

Hybrid Delay-Phase Precoding in Wideband UM-MIMO Systems under True Time Delay and Phase Shifter Hardware Limitations

Authors: A. Najjar M. El-Absi T. Kaiser
Journal: IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
Volume: vol. 23, no. 7
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2023
Pages: 1-1
DOI: 10.1109/TWC.2023.3338814
Open Access: Ja
Keywords: Precoding;Delays;Hardware;Delay effects;Bandwidth;Array signal processing;Antennas;THz;UM-MIMO;beam squint;TTD;hybrid precoding;finite-resolution;limited-range;alternating minimization
nan

A 117.5–155-GHz SiGe x12 Frequency Multiplier Chain With Push-Push Doublers and a Gilbert Cell-Based Tripler

Authors: J. Romstadt, RUB A. Zaben H. Papurcu P. Stadler T. Welling K. Aufinger N. Pohl, RUB
Journal: IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits
Volume: vol. 58, no. 9
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2023
Pages: 2430 - 2440
DOI: 10.1109/JSSC.2023.3284600
Open Access: Ja
Conference Paper

Phase-based Breathing Rate Monitoring in Patient Rooms using 6G Terahertz Technology

Authors: S. Häger A. Najjar C. Bektas D. Lessy M. El-Absi F. Sheikh S. Böcker T. Kaiser and C. Wietfeld
Conference: 2023 Sixth International Workshop on Mobile Terahertz Systems (IWMTS)
Location: Bonn, Germany
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2023
Pages: 1-5
DOI: 10.1109/IWMTS58186.2023.10207850
Open Access: Ja
Keywords: 6G mobile communication;Micrometers;Hospitals;Terahertz materials;Surface roughness;Sensors;Rough surfaces;6G;THz communications;monostatic sensing;patient monitoring;breathing rate tracking;random rough surfaces;ray-tracing;300 GHz
Conference Paper

Characterization of Flexible Micro Coaxial Cables in the WR03 Band

Authors: Sievert, Benedikt, Daniel Erni, und Andreas Rennings
Conference: 2023 48th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz)
Location: Montreal, QC, Canada
Year: 2023
Pages: 1-2
DOI: 10.1109/IRMMW-THz57677.2023.10298971.
Open Access: Ja
Keywords: Coaxial cables;Phase measurement;Waveguide components;Measurement uncertainty;Rectangular waveguides;Mechanical cables;Dielectric loss measurement
Journal Article

Towards continuous real-time plant and insect monitoring by miniaturized THz systems

Authors: F. Sheikh, A. Prokscha, A. Batra, D. Lessy, B. Salah, B. Sievert, M. Degen, A. Rennings, M. Jalali, J. T. Svejda, P. Alibeigloo, E. Mutlu, C. Preuss, R. Kress, S. Clochiatti, K. Kolpatzeck, T. Kubiczek, I. Ullmann, K. Root, F. Brix, U. Kraemer, M. Vossiek, J. C. Balzer, N. G. Weimann, T. Kaiser, and D. Erni
Journal: IEEE Journal of Microwaves
Volume: vol. 3, no. 3
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2023
Pages: 913-937
DOI: 10.1109/JMW.2023.3278237
Open Access: Ja
Keywords: Insects;Monitoring;Temperature measurement;Biomedical monitoring;Temperature sensors;Detectors;Real-time systems;24/7 insect tracking;24/7 plant monitoring;finite element method (FEM);millimeter wave multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar;photorealistic ray-tracing;radar cross-section (RCS);recursive aggregated T-matrix algorithm;resonant tunneling diode (RTD) detector;specific absorption rate;surface roughness;synthetic aperture radar (SAR);THz measurements and simulations;THz time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS);THz-VNA testbed
Conference Paper

Distributed Sensor Network for 3D Tag Localization Using Harmonic Radar at 61/122 GHz ISM Band

Authors: S. Hansen S. Nowok A. Shoykhetbrod S. Wickmann J. Wessel and N. Pohl
Conference: 2023 20th European Radar Conference (EuRAD)
Location: Berlin, Germany
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2023
Pages: 343-346
DOI: 10.23919/EuRAD58043.2023.10289328
Open Access: Ja
Keywords: Location awareness;Weight measurement;Three-dimensional displays;Radar clutter;Position measurement;Harmonic analysis;Transceivers;mm-wave;harmonic;radar;tag;FMCW;SiGe;ISM;V-band;D-band;multilateration;localization
Conference Paper

Radar-sensing based on non-contiguous OFDM signals using Compressed Sensing

Authors: A. Bathelt and R. Thill
Conference: 2023 20th European Radar Conference (EuRAD)
Location: Berlin, Germany
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2023
Pages: 403-406
DOI: 10.23919/EuRAD58043.2023.10289155
Open Access: Ja
Keywords: Matched filters;OFDM;Estimation;Symbols;Radar;Bandwidth;Robustness;Joint Communications and Sensing;Compressed Sensing;OFDM
Conference Paper

Investigation of RTD THz Oscillator with Wide Frequency Tuning Capability

Authors: Mutlu, Enes, Wen Li, Benedikt Sievert, Robin Kress, Simone Clochiatti, Andreas Rennings, Anton Grygoriev, Werner Prost, Daniel Erni, und Nils Weimann
Conference: 2023 48th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz)
Location: Montreal, QC, Canada
Year: 2023
Pages: 1-2
DOI: 10.1109/IRMMW-THz57677.2023.10299140.
Open Access: Ja
Conference Paper

Development of a 3D Printed Dual-Band mmWave and THz Near-Field Microscope for Skin Cancer Detection

Authors: Grzeslo, Marcel, Jonas Tebart, Stefan Poess, Shuya Iwamatsu, Israa Mohammad, Andreas Stöhr, und Andreas K. Klein
Conference: 2023 48th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz)
Location: Montreal, QC, Canada
Year: 2023
Pages: 1-2
DOI: 10.1109/IRMMW-THz57677.2023.10299034
Open Access: Ja
Conference Paper

Multi-Spectral Photonic THz Imaging using MUTC-PDs and Dielectric Rod Waveguide Antennas

Authors: Mohammad, I., T. Haddad, S. Makhlouf, und A. Stöhr.
Conference: 2023 48th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz)
Location: Montreal, QC, Canada
Year: 2023
Pages: 1-2
DOI: 10.1109/IRMMW-THz57677.2023.10299194
Open Access: Ja
Conference Paper

Development of a 3D Printed Dual-Band mmWave and THz Near-Field Microscope for Skin Cancer Detection

Authors: Grzeslo, Marcel, Jonas Tebart, Stefan Poess, Shuya Iwamatsu, Israa Mohammad, Andreas Stöhr, und Andreas K. Klein
Conference: 2023 48th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz)
Location: Montreal, QC, Canada
Year: 2023
Pages: 1-2
DOI: 10.1109/IRMMW-THz57677.2023.10299034.
Open Access: Ja
Journal Article

Design, Simulation, and Characterization of MEMS-Based Slot Waveguides

Authors: Barowski, Jan, Lisa Schmitt, Kristof Kother, und Martin Hoffmann
Journal: IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 
Volume: Vol. 71, no. 9
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2023
Pages: 3819 - 28
DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2023.3255589
Open Access: Ja
Keywords: Electromagnetic waveguides;Optical waveguides;Silicon;Micromechanical devices;Refractive index;Microwave theory and techniques;Metamaterials;Dielectric waveguides;measurement and modeling;metamaterial;microelectromechanical system (MEMS);millimeter wave;silicon micromachining;terahertz (THz) components
Conference Paper

Packaging Technology for the Realization of Tx and Rx Modules Based on RTD Devices

Authors: C. Preuss S. Clochiatti R. Kress E. Mutlu F. Vogelsang W. Prost N. Pohl, RUB N. Weimann
Conference: 2023 48th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz)
Location: Montreal, QC, Canada
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2023
Pages: 1-2
DOI: 10.1109/IRMMW-THz57677.2023.10299084
Open Access: Ja
Keywords: Vibrations;Spirals;Millimeter wave devices;Detectors;Packaging;Broadband communication;Topology
Conference Paper

Comparative study of true time delay beam steering with antenna arrays at thz frequencies

Authors: N. Alchami K. Kolpatzeck B. Husain Y. Can Kara A. Czylwik
Conference: 2024 49th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz)
Location: Perth, Australia
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2023
DOI: 10.1109/IRMMW-THz60956.2024.10697885
Open Access: Nein
Keywords: Time-frequency analysis;Beam steering;Graphical models;Delay effects;Redundancy;Terahertz radiation;Linear antenna arrays;Wideband;Distribution functions;Terahertz communications;Beam steering;beamforming;non-uniform array;true time delay;minimum redundancy array
Conference Paper

Lithium Niobate Based Single-Cycle THz Source with 643 mW of Average Power

Authors: T. Vogel, RUB C. J. Saraceno, RUB
Conference: 2023 48th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz)
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2023
DOI: 10.1109/IRMMW-THz57677.2023.10298996
Open Access: Nein
Conference Paper

High-Power, Ultra-Broadband THz Generation in Organic Crystal MNA

Authors: S. Mansourzadeh, RUB M. F. Nielson, A. Omar, RUB T. Vogel, RUB D. J. Michaelis, J. A. Johnson, C. J. Saraceno, RUB
Conference: 2023 48th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz)
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2023
DOI: 10.1109/IRMMW-THz57677.2023.10298864
Open Access: Nein
nan

Temperature-dependent THz properties and emission of organic crystal BNA

Authors: S. Mansourzadeh, RUB T. Vogel, RUB M. Shalaby, C. J. Saraceno, RUB
Journal: Optics Express
Volume: vol. 31, no. 18
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
DOI: 10.1364/OE.494445
Open Access: Ja
Conference Paper

Experimental Analysis of VNA based Measurement Errors on Mobile THz Applications

Authors: Y. Zantah, A. Batra, A. Prokscha, F. Sheikh, M. Haidar, A. Abbas, N. Zarifeh and T. Kaiser
Conference: 2023 Sixth International Workshop on Mobile Terahertz Systems (IWMTS)
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2023
DOI: 10.1109/IWMTS58186.2023.10207852
Open Access: Ja
Conference Paper

A Look Through Artificial Human Tissues at Ka-Band and D-Band

Authors: Prokscha, Andreas, Fawad Sheikh, Mandana Jalali, Yamen Zantah, Benedikt Sievert, Muath Al-Hasan, Daniel Erni, und Thomas Kaiser
Conference: 2023 Sixth International Workshop on Mobile Terahertz Systems (IWMTS)
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2023
Pages: 1–5
DOI: 10.1109/IWMTS58186.2023.10207780
Open Access: Ja
Journal Article

Non-invasive glucose sensing via the fingernail bed using THz radiation

Authors: Mandana Jalali Andreas Prokscha Yijun Yan Tobias Kubiczek Jan Taro Svejda Sascha Preu Jan Balzer Thomas Kaiser Daniel Erni
Journal: Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering
Volume: vol. 9, no. 1
Year: 2023
Pages: 507 - 510
DOI: 10.1515/cdbme-2023-1127
Open Access: Ja
Conference Paper

Multidisciplinary Data Fusion for THz Ray- Tracing

Authors: A. Prokscha F. Sheikh D. Lessy N. A. Ali and T. Kaiser
Conference: 16th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP)
Location: Madrid, Spain
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2022
Pages: 1-5
DOI: 10.23919/EuCAP53622.2022.9769619
Open Access: Ja
Keywords: Terahertz materials;Silicon;System-on-chip;Flip-chip devices;Resonant tunneling devices;III-V semiconductor materials;Oscillators;THz oscillator;flip-chip bonding;heterointegration;chip packaging;lens mounting;WR2.2;free space propagation;oscillator measurements
Conference Paper

Portable Device-Centric Human Postures for Modeling Reliable THz Channels

Authors: A. Prokscha F. Sheikh D. Lessy and T. Kaiser
Conference: Fifth International Workshop on Mobile Terahertz Systems (IWMTS)
Location: Duisburg, Germany
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2022
Pages: 1-5
DOI: 10.1109/IWMTS54901.2022.9832444
Open Access: Ja
Keywords: Wireless communication;Solid modeling;Wireless sensor networks;Three-dimensional displays;Wires;Receivers;Kinematics
Conference Paper

THz Phase Shifter based on MEMS-actuated Slot Waveguides

Authors: L. Schmitt J. Barowski and M. Hoffmann
Conference: Fifth International Workshop on Mobile Terahertz Systems (IWMTS)
Location: Duisburg, Germany
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2022
Pages: 1-4
DOI: 10.1109/IWMTS54901.2022.9832456
Open Access: Ja
Keywords: Fabrication;Conferences;Phase shifters;Silicon;Metamaterials;Electrostatic actuators;THz phase shifter;slot waveguide;MEMS;large displacement;electrostatic actuator;SOI technology;metamaterial
Conference Paper

Photonic Non-Invasive mmW and THz Imaging for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Detection

Authors: Mohammad, Israa, Vitaly Rymanov, Sumer Makhlouf, Ingo Stoffels, Joachim Klode, Xiao Tang, Muhsin Ali, und Andreas Stohr
Conference: Fifth International Workshop on Mobile Terahertz Systems (IWMTS)
Location: Duisburg, Germany
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2022
Pages: 1-5
DOI: 10.1109/IWMTS54901.2022.9832443
Open Access: Ja
Keywords: Image sensors, Terahertz wave imaging, Schottky diodes, Skin, Optoelectronic and photonic sensors, Broadband antennas, Photodiodes, Photonics, Photonic imaging, Frequency-domain spectroscopy, Millimeter-wave, Terahertz, Skin cancer detection, Skin phantom, Schottky barrier diodes
Journal Article

Active Control of THz Waves in Wireless Environments Using Graphene-Based RIS

Authors: Dash, Sasmita, Constantinos Psomas, Ioannis Krikidis, Ian F. Akyildiz, und Andreas Pitsillides.
Journal: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 
Volume: Vol. 70, no. 10
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2022
Pages: 8785-8797
DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2022.3142272
Open Access: Ja
Keywords: Graphene;Wireless communication;Conductivity;Chemicals;Absorption;Surface impedance;Electric potential;Graphene;reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS);terahertz (THz);wave control;wireless communications
Journal Article

Photonic Integrated Circuit for Optical Phase Control of 1 × 4 Terahertz Phased Arrays

Authors: Lu, Peng, Thomas Haddad, Jonas Tebart, Chris Roeloffzen, und Andreas Stöhr
Journal: Photonics
Volume: Vol. 9, no. 12
Publisher: Photoncis
Year: 2022
Pages: 902
DOI: 10.3390/photonics9120902
Open Access: Ja
Conference Paper

FR4 Test Board for Measurements on InP Resonant Tunneling Diode THz Oscillators Integrated via Flip Chip Bonding Technology

Authors: Preuss, Christian, Enes Mutlu, Robin Kress, Simone Clochiatti, Peng Lu, Andreas Stohr, Werner Prost, und Nils Weimann
Conference: 2022 15th UK-Europe-China Workshop on Millimetre-Waves and Terahertz Technologies (UCMMT)
Location: Tønsberg, Norway
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2022
Pages: 1-3
DOI: 10.1109/UCMMT56896.2022.9994786
Open Access: Ja
Keywords: Terahertz materials;Silicon;System-on-chip;Flip-chip devices;Resonant tunneling devices;III-V semiconductor materials;Oscillators;THz oscillator;flip-chip bonding;heterointegration;chip packaging;lens mounting;WR2.2;free space propagation;oscillator measurements
Journal Article

3D printed sub-terahertz photonic crystal for wireless passive biosensing

Authors: Yixiong Zhao, Ali Alhaj Abbas, Masoud Sakaki, Gero Bramlage, Guillaume Delaittre, Niels Benson, Thomas Kaiser, Jan C. Balzer
Journal: Communications Engineering
Volume: Vol. 3
Publisher: Springer Nature
Year: 2024
Pages: 69
DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00213-4
Open Access: Ja